He aha te mea nui o te gelatin i roto i te hanga marshmallow hou
Ko te ingoa o te mea reka e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te marshmallow i ahu mai i te tipu marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), he tipu putiputi māwhero nō ngā repo me ngā whenua repo. I te tīmatanga, i whakamahia he matū piri i tangohia mai i ngā pakiaka o te tipu hei hanga i tētahi reka māmā, mā e rite ana ki te miro, koia te take i tapaina ai. I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i whakakapia te tangohanga mai i te pakiaka o te marsh mallow ki te mā hua manu me te gelatin. Kua whanake ngā marshmallow o ēnei rā mai i te momo kotahi ki ngā momo uaua ake, pērā i ngā marshmallow kua whakakīia me ngā marshmallow kua pania ki te tiakarete.
1. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hua
He monamona ngohengohe, he nui te hau e kitea ana i te mā, he ma te tae, he pūwero te hanganga, me ngā mirumiru hau kiato, pumau. Ahakoa he tino māmā, he nui hoki te makuku, he ātete ki te pirau, ā, he roa te wā e ora ai. Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko te kakano ngohengohe, ngāwari, me te ngāwari e kore e piri ki ngā niho. Ko te pakari me te ngāwari o te monamona i ahu mai i te kakano moroiti-pūmua e pupuri ana i te makuku, e ārai ana i te syneresis—te tangi o te tirikara mai i te monamona—nō reira ka mau tonu te kounga o te monamona.
I te wā e whiua ana, e whakapūhau ana hoki, ka puta he mirumiru hau iti, taurite te horapa, ā, ka matotoru te pakitara kiriata e karapoti ana i ēnei mirumiru. Kia tae te whakapūhau ki te matotoru e hiahiatia ana, ka tutuki i te mārō tōna kakano ahurei: he pai, he pūwero hoki me ngā mirumiru ririki, engari he māmā, he pīngore hoki. Mā te whakaurunga o te nui o te hau ka nui ake tōna rahinga, ka whakaiti i tōna matotoru, ka taea te iti iho i te 0.6 g/mL. Mā tēnei kakano māmā e wehewehe ai i te nuinga o ngā monamona kē atu, ka waiho hei monamona ahurei.
He pūnaha marara rua-wāhanga te mārō, ko te tirikara te wāhanga tonu, ā, ko ngā mirumiru hau te wāhanga marara. Ka pā tika te hanganga me te āhua o te huka i roto i te tirikara ki te kakano o te mārō. E rua ngā momo kakano o ngā mārō: he kore-kiriata, he kiriata rānei. I roto i te momo kore-kiriata, ka noho memeha tonu te huka i roto i te tirikara, ka hanga he kounga ngaungau. I tetahi atu taha, i roto i te momo kiriata, ka tukuna ētahi o te huka kia tau hei tioata pai, ka puta he ngau poto, he pakari. Mena ka whakamaroketia he mārō tioata, ka taea te huri hei mea reka pakari, pakarukaru, he māmā hoki, he kanapa te mutunga, he iti te makuku (i raro i te 3%). Heoi, ko ngā mārō tino noa ko te momo ngāwari, he 15-18% te makuku. Nō reira, ko ngā mārō he momo monamona ka tino māmā, he nui te makuku, he ngawari, he pakari, he ngaungau, he pakari rānei. Ko te momo ngawari me te pakari te mea tino kitea i te mākete i ēnei rā.
2. Ngā Rauemi Mata me ngā Rauemi Āwhina
(A) Ngā Āhua Whakapūngao
E mōhiotia ana hoki ko ngā kaiwhiu, ko ngā kaipupuhi rānei, he wāhanga nui ngā kaipupuhi hau i roto i ngā māshmallow. Ko ngā kaipupuhi hau e tino kitea ana ko ngā hydrocolloids, e hanga ana i tētahi kiriata pīataata huri noa i ngā mirumiru hau hei whakau i te pahuka. Ko te nuinga o ēnei colloids he macromolecules, pērā i ngā pūmua, i ngā polysaccharides rānei, he āhuatanga whakau pahuka; ko ētahi he kaha ki te whakapūmau. I runga i te hua whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna e tētahi kaihanga gelatin rongonui ngā kōwhiringa maha. Ko ngā kaipupuhi hau e tino kitea ana ko:
- Ngā pūmuaKa whakamahia te pūmua hua manu, te pūmua soya kua waikuratia, te pūmua whey rānei i te kukū o te 1-1.5% hei hanga i te kakano ngohengohe, pakarukaru hoki.
- Te karātiniKo te gelatin hydrocolloid tino noa, i ahu mai i te collagen kararehe, ka whakamahia i te 2-5% hei whakaputa i te kakano pīataata motuhake. I te nuinga o te wā,te gelatin kaie hiahiatia ana mō te whakaputanga.
- Ngā kapiaKo te kāpia ārapi te nuinga, he nui te kukū o te 20-30%, ā, ka puta he kakano mārō, he ngaungau hoki.
- Māngaro Kua WhakarerekētiaWhakamahia i te 11% pea hei hanga i tētahi kakano mārō, ngaungau hoki.
- ĀkaraWhakamahia i te 1-2% mō te kakano māmā, ngawari hoki.
- ĀrinateWhakamahia i te 0.5-1% hei whakaputa i tētahi kakano mārō.
O ēnei kai, ko te tiērana me te pūmua hua manu ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he maha ngā wā ka honoa, me ngā horopeta ka whakatauhia e ngā whakaritenga mahi o te tukanga whakaputa me ngā kounga e hiahiatia ana o te hua whakamutunga. He mea nui anō hoki te utu o te hua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi kai whakaoho hau. Me whakamakuku anō ngā kai whakaoho hau katoa ki te nui tika o te wai mō te wā e ranea ana kia tika ai te whakamakuku, he mea nui tēnei mō tā rātou mahi whakaoho hau.
Ina whakamahia ngā mā o te hua manu, he mea noa te whakamahi i te pūmua hua manu kua whakamaroketia. Ka tere te whiu o te wai hei hanga i te pahuka māmā, ngohengohe, engari ki te nui rawa te whiu ka pakaru. Ki te neke atu te pāmahana i te 70°C, ka whiri te pūmua hua manu, ka ngaro tana mahi whakapūngao, nō reira me karo i ngā pāmahana teitei i te wā e whakapūngao ana.
Teete gelatin tiubeahe pūmua i tangohia mai i te kiri me ngā wheua kararehe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā māshmallow. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā māshmallow te gelatin i tangohia mai i te waikawa, tae atu ki ngā momo noa pēnei i tete gelatin kau or te tiakarete poaka, me te pH o te 5.0-6.0 mō te whakaputanga pahuka tino pai i tōna pūwāhi iso-hiko. Mō ngā mākete kanorau, ngā momo rerekē pēnei ite kētārini halal or te gelatin kosherkei te wātea hoki. Ko te kaha o te tiēre, rāneite kaha o te pua gelatin, he inenga kounga matua, ā, ko te uara o te 180-250 Bloom he mea noa mō ngā māshmallow, e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga pai o te huka me te whakapūpū. Ko tēnei momote gelatin kore kakarae rua, e toru rānei ngā wā e whakamakukuhia ana te wai i roto i te pāmahana neke atu i te 70°C, inā koa i te pH iti, ka taea e ngā ngota gelatin te pirau, ka heke nui te kaha o te gel, me āta aroturuki i te wā e whakamahia ana.
(B) Huka
E 40-80% o te hanganga ko te huka. Mēnā he iti te nui, kāore e ranea te reka o te māshrou, engari mēnā he nui te nui, ka tino reka rawa te māshrou. Ko ngā māshrou kore-kiriata he iti ake te huka (i raro iho i te 50%) te nui, engari ko ngā momo kiriata he nui ake te huka (neke atu i te 50%). Ko ngā hanganga mō ngā māshrou kiriata he maha ngā wā ka whakaurua he huka paura, he fondant rānei (he huka moroiti-kiriata) hei whakatō purapura hei tīmata i te whakakiriata.
(C) Tīropi Māngaro
Ki te whakamahia i te kukū o te 20-60%, he iti ake te reka o te tirikara māngaro i te sucrose, ā, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te reka whānui. Ka whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te tinana marshmallow, ahakoa he nui rawa te nui ka pā kino ki te hau, ā, ka hua ake he kakano pīataata. Ko ngā tirikara DE-teitei, ngā tirikara maltose-teitei rānei te mea e pai ake ana mō te iti o te matotoru, e āwhina ana i te hau. He kaha hoki tō rātou hiahia ki te wai, ā, he mahi hei whakamakuku, e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i te makuku o te marshmallow, e hono tata ana ki tōna ngawari me tōna ngāwari.
(D) Hurihia te Tīropi
Ahakoa te iti o te matotoru o te tirikara invert, e whakamahia ana i te 5-15% hei whakamakuku hei pupuri i te makuku me te ngawari. He pai te iti o te matotoru mō te whakapūngao, hei āwhina i te māmā o te marshmallow. Heoi, he tino reka, he tino waiora hoki, nō reira me whakawhāiti te whakamahinga, me whakarerekē hoki i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te haumākū o te wā me te rohe.
(E) Ngā Kaihoko Whakakakara
Ko ngā mea kakara e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te vanilla, te vanillin, me te ethyl maltol. Ka whakamahia hoki ētahi atu kai pēnei i te paura koko iti-ngako, te paura miraka ngako-kore, me te kokonati tapatapahi.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-08-2025
